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The 4 Aces is the quartet of passenger-cargo liners ''Excalibur'', ''Exochorda'', ''Exeter'', and ''Excambion'', originally built for American Export Lines by New York Shipbuilding of Camden, New Jersey between 1929 and 1931. AEL placed the "4 Aces" in service between the US and the Mediterranean, offering cruises of up to 40 days. During World War II, all four vessels were taken over by the U.S. Navy, renamed, and designated as AP- and APA-class troop transports. ''Excambion'' became USS ''John Penn'' (APA-23), ''Excalibur'' became USS ''Joseph Hewes'' (AP-50) and ''Exeter'' became USS ''Edward Rutledge'' (AP-52). These three of the original (pre-war) 4 Aces were ultimately lost to enemy action. The pre-war ''Exochorda'' was converted to military transport USS ''Harry Lee'', later sold to Turkish Maritime Lines and renamed ''Tarsus''. After World War II, American Export Lines purchased four C3-class ''Windsor''-class attack transports built by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. at Sparrow's Point, Maryland, had them refitted as passenger-cargo liners, and placed them in service as the new "4 Aces." USS ''Dauphin'' became ''Exochorda'', USS ''Dutchess'' became ''Excalibur'', USS ''Queens'' became ''Excambion'' and USS ''Shelby'' (APA-105) became ''Exeter''. Carrying the names of the original quartet, the new "4 Aces" sailed under the AEL flag until the 1960s. In 1968, the post-war SS ''Exochorda'' was purchased by Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey to alleviate a shortage of on-campus student housing. It was refurbished at Bethlehem Steel Shipyard in Hoboken, renamed SS ''Stevens'' and anchored on the Hudson River adjacent to the campus where it served a dormitory. SS ''Stevens'' remained in service until 1975, when its continued operation became prohibitive due to skyrocketing utility costs. Before it was towed away and sold for scrap, one of ''Stevens'' In 1965, the post-war ''Excambion'' became USTS ''Texas Clipper'' for service with the Texas Maritime Academy until being sunk as an artificial reef on November 17, 2007. The company's subsidiary American Export Airlines borrowed 3 of the names (excepting ''Exochorda'') for its Sikorsky VS-44 flying boats, which it used in transatlantic service. ''Excambian'' is preserved on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.() ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Four Aces (passenger liners)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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